Pre-Electronic Origins
Spring 2022
Introduction
We'll begin with a pair of readings that start us on the path to the era of modern electronic computers: As a demonstration that human beings have been thinking algorithmically since at least the dawn of recorded history, we'll read Knuth's paper on Babylonian algorithms. Then we'll jump to 1842, when Charles Babbage was dreaming about a steam-powered programmable computing machine. Ada Lovelace does her best to explain to the world what the machine does and what it might be good for. (Only read "Note A", but read this first.) The third paper below is optional, but brings to life the back-and-forth between Babbage and Lovelace as the "Notes" paper was being written. It's a much easier read than "Notes", and helps connect with the characters on a human level.
Questions
When reading these papers, don't get too hung up on the specifics of the Babylonian algorithms, or the fine details of Ada's description. Both papers can be a bit dense, and I'm more interested in having you come away from the readings with the Big Picture. Here are some questions you might try to answer as you read:
-
Why do the "algorithms" typically work with specific values rather than using variables?
-
What kinds of tables did the Bablylonians create and use?
-
Are the examples on the Babylonian tablets just mathematical formulas, or true algorithms?
-
Why does Ada repeatedly bring up the distinction between the Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine?
-
What is the "science of operations"?
-
Who is the intended audience for this paper?
-
Which "two branches of the subject are equally essential fields of investigation"?
-
What's "retrospective" vs "prospective signification"
-
What is Ada on about when she says:
"In enabling mechanism to combine together general symbols in successions of unlimited variety and extent, a uniting link is established between the operations of matter and the abstract mental processes of the most abstract branch of mathematical science."
Papers